Expanded Spatialities or
Regarding Urban Space Beyond Pleasure

Urban space is a prevalent topic in public discussions as well as a central interest for a significant niche in Romanian art. The Romanian city is generally perceived as an unappealing space, having undergone shocking transformations over the past few decades. One of the main public debates in our society revolves around city planning, the effort to make urban spaces more livable, and the attempts to regulate them. The result of speculative observations on the urban everyday, the exhibition “Expanded Spatialities”, curated by Laura Bivolaru at ⅔ galeria in Bucharest, looks at the city’s evolution over several decades and occasionally expresses a touch of wishful thinking in the hope for a fairer city for those who live in or pass through it.

A central theme of the exhibition is the idea that construction also requires reconstruction. Another starting point for the exhibition is the team’s reflection on buildings worldwide — office buildings, administrative buildings, residential blocks, shopping centres, or airports — which have looked virtually identical since the 2000s, whether in Bucharest, London, or Singapore. They are structures of steel and glass, without specific elements tied to their location and highly secured. These spaces that lack identity are central to the discussion on how our world changes shape through consumerism. The photography in the exhibition is concerned with a performative or sculptural character, where expanded sculpture often moves from two dimensions into 3D. When discussing documentary photography, curator Laura Bivolaru considers its tendency to be bound to the present moment, and has sought to show works that transcend a single point in time.

The exhibition is inspired by the spatial triad expressed by philosopher Henri Lefebvre in The Production of Space, where urban space is divided into the following categories: perceived space (how our senses interpret it in daily activities such as going to work, taking children to school, what we see, hear, smell), conceived space (a mental representation by urban planners under official direction, ideologically controlled, first conceived as representation, then brought into reality), and lived space (how people experience the urban environment emotionally and imaginatively, making associations in each place they pass through, whether at first sight or when revisiting a particular spot).

One of the exhibition’s coordinators is artist Mihai Șovăială, whose interests intersect with the exhibition’s spirit. He is concerned with how the city, especially in Romania, has been shaped by individual economic constraints, available materials, personal taste, or private desires for expanded space. On apartment stairways or streets, one constantly sees interventions partly dictated by the high percentage of private homeowners. Șovăială is influenced by the instinctual architecture around him, which Bernard Rudofsky discusses in Architecture Without Architects. For Rudofsky, architecture connects organically to its environment and is shaped by practical considerations and broader cultural characteristics. Vernacular architecture offers intuitive solutions to problems, reflecting direct experience within an environment. People seek not only shelter from the elements but also social comfort, shaping buildings to either connect with or protect themselves from neighbours or passersby.

In Romania, one can sense the notion of conceived space, especially in city centres or certain neighbourhoods, as a legacy of communism, which implemented a regulated space. A possible path through the exhibition could start with the section focused on the “regulation” of space. The first piece is by Ioana Marinescu, who presents memory-based drawings of the homes and yards of former residents of the Uranus district in Bucharest. These drawings are accompanied by one of her photographs of the same area, where an image from 1985 is displayed on a billboard in front of the Palace of Parliament in 2017. Adjacent in the same gallery section is a large cyanotype by London-based Bulgarian artist Lina Ivanova, who, through a large window found on the street, evokes a specific childhood memory – that of cleaning windows with her grandmother. She printed the work on a bedsheet during the pandemic, symbolising her view of the world through the window as a mediator between private space and the rest of reality. Beside this is a piece by American artist John Divola, who has spent more than a decade photographing a Cold War-era Air Force Base in California, abandoned due to water pollution. The work documents its progressive degradation, whether from material theft, bulldozer damage, or the alterations made by squatters. Over the years, occasionally trespassing, Divola has also made his own marks throughout the base, subtly modifying the space, where it has now become unclear which changes were his, others’, or simply due to natural wear. Nadina Stoica’s work expresses her discomfort with finding a space that feels like home during her property searches, where apartments all look the same to her. She struggles with finding a space that accommodates both her living and working needs, having chosen to keep her studio in her home. The final photograph in this section, Anton Roland Laub’s image overlays a church saved from demolition in the 1980s with an image of Karl Marx Boulevard in Berlin, reminiscent of Bucharest’s Unirii Boulevard.

Opposite this, another section is dedicated to representations of unbounded, uncontrolled, and unregulated space, which, being primarily concerned with the communication of corners and curves, appear more geometric, more sculptural. Here is one of Bogdan Bordeianu’s works from 2007, which documents the growth of urban peripheries specific of that period, characterised by inadequate infrastructure for development and chaotic building. Spanish artist David Barreiro, who grew up in the poor region of Galicia, where men often emigrated from to work in construction, continues this theme. Inspired by his previous work on construction sites before pursuing art, for this project he collaborated with workers to create humorous, temporary structures. The construction site becomes a space for deconstruction or social reconstruction, based on Brecht’s “alienation effect”, where only by showing the audience something artificial or performative can the artist highlight the subversive nature of his creation. The time spent on the construction site was rigid, with little relaxation, but Barreiro brings it closer to the playfulness of an artistic practice. Andrei Mateescu is present with an example from his series of works dedicated to hypermarkets, which he fantastically enlarges and whose volumes he reimagines. The city always remains in the background, a wasteland contrasting with the absurd and futuristic forms in the foreground. The curator notes that the hypermarket’s logo – Billa – has been removed, much like “a brand erased in a brief history of the wild capitalism of the early post-Revolution decades”. A subject such as the hypermarket in a country with such a high density of this type of stores reflects the region’s marginal position as a mere sales market for European capital. Vladimir Florentin’s “Hybrid Monuments” is a series of sculptural photographs, UV-printed on alucobond and perspex, the latter bent with a heat gun and shaped in-situ. The photographs’ subjects, which remain a secret to the public, are taken from the immediate reality of the city, but what can be said is that the images result from spaces where capital takes precedence over aesthetics and human comfort. Florentin’s photographic sculptures invite visceral sensations linked to the shapes they take—curved, sharp, circles, angles—and to associations that cannot be fully named. They are almost like AI-generated images transposed into physical space, whose content has a meaning that dissipates yet manages to convey fragments of the city’s “vibe” so disparate that they cannot be entirely grasped. In one work, the subject, perhaps the hand of a builder lifting a stone from the ground, slides downwards along with the glossy surface of the perspex, among other construction site objects.

In both rooms are small works by English artist Emily Ryalls that address unfriendly urban furniture which subtly discourages gatherings, the homeless, or birds. Her subjects’ bodies interact almost affectionately with these features, and, by being placed in close proximity to other photographs in the exhibition, they create a speculative sense of communication between the works.

The third room explores the ways in which capital shapes the city, whether through state capital movements, real estate speculation, or the intrusiveness of advertising in urban space. At its centre, we can observe Ion Grigorescu’s work, a 1994 video in which the artist walks through a wild urban landscape, altered by state capital, seemingly awaiting real estate speculators and abandoned to the social classes left with nothing during the transition period, who resort to stealing metal from abandoned construction sites after the Revolution due to lack of funds. Grigorescu starts from Papazoglu Street, follows on to cross Dâmbovița River on Mărășești Bridge, reaching Piața Unirii, the centre of the city; then he returns, crossing the new axe of the city, the Unirii Boulevard. At one point, someone recognises him, and they walk together along the street, talking, but the conversation is indistinguishable. The work, in its way, covers several historical periods at once: the ghost of the past and the city that once was; the construction sites of the 1980s; and the transition of the 1990s. The portion of the city traversed becomes, through Grigorescu’s gaze, an attempt to find something tangible, to document a reality that undergoes repeated shocks. Grigorescu’s work sits next to that of young artist Anca Țintea, who documents derelict factories on valuable land, abandoned by owners hoping that their self-destruction will boost profit potential. Her delicate, thermal receipt-printed images evoke the ease with which these spaces can disappear from memory. Also featured is a piece by Alexander Rosenkranz, who photographs buildings from an elevated viewpoint in order to create an observer’s perspective. A collage of two city halves, the image has been reverse mounted behind glass to create a scanner effect.

The exhibition “Expanded Spatialities” seeks an artistic expression that can be drawn from urban discomfort, both as a lived space and as a visual form that undergoes various transformations in the gallery context. The exhibited forms arise from architectural instincts, financial speculation, and labour experiences across social classes, focusing on function rather than pleasure.

– by Bogdan Bălan
– translation Laura Bivolaru